Iodine under standard conditions is a dark-purple/dark-brown solid. It can be seen apparently sublimating at standard temperatures into a violet-pink gas that has an irritating odor. This halogen forms compounds with many elements, but is less reactive than the other members of its Group VII (halogens) and has some metallic light reflectance.
Elemental iodine dissolves easily in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The solubility of elementary iodine in water can be vastly increased by the addition of potassium iodide. The molecular iodine reacts reversibly with the negative ion, creating the triiodide anion, I3−, which dissolves well in water.
In dilute solution, periodic acid exists as H+ and IO4−. When more concentrated, orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, is formed. This can be obtained as a crystalline solid. Orthoperiodic acid can be dehydrated to metaperiodic acid, HIO4. Further heating gives diiodine pentoxide (I2O5) and oxygen; apparently the anhydride 'diiodine heptoxide' does not exist in nature but can be formed synthetically.
In dilute solution, periodic acid exists as H+ and IO4−. When more concentrated, orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, is formed. This can be obtained as a crystalline solid. Orthoperiodic acid can be dehydrated to metaperiodic acid, HIO4. Further heating gives diiodine pentoxide (I2O5) and oxygen; apparently the anhydride 'diiodine heptoxide' does not exist in nature but can be formed synthetically.
In dilute solution, periodic acid exists as H+ and IO4−. When more concentrated, orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, is formed. This can be obtained as a crystalline solid. Orthoperiodic acid can be dehydrated to metaperiodic acid, HIO4. Further heating gives diiodine pentoxide (I2O5) and oxygen; apparently the anhydride 'diiodine heptoxide' does not exist in nature but can be formed synthetically.
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