Cyclohexanone is a six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. It is a colorless, oily liquid with an odor reminiscent of oil of peppermint and acetone. Over time, the color of the liquid changes to yellow. Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water (5-10 g/100 ml), but miscible with the most common organic solvents.
Chloroform is a common solvent because it is relatively unreactive, miscible with most organic liquids, and conveniently volatile. Small amounts of chloroform are used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry and for producing dyes and pesticides. Chloroform is an effective solvent for alkaloids in their base form and thus plant material is commonly extracted with chloroform for pharmaceutical processing.
An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both aliphatic and cyclic. They contain one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character.[1] Alicyclic compounds may or may not have aliphatic side chains attached.
A cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms, but has no aromatic character. Some cycloalkenes, such as cyclobutene and cyclopentene, can be used as monomers to produce polymer chains.
Cyclohexene is a colorless clear liquid cycloalkene with an intense aversive characteristic sharp smell reminiscent of an oil refinery.
It is not very stable upon long term storage with exposure to light and air and should be distilled before use to eliminate peroxides. A common experiment among beginning organic chemistry students is the acid catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol with distillative removal of the resulting cyclohexene from the reaction mixture:
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen.
The acidity of alcohols is also affected by the overall stability of the alkoxide ion. Electron-withdrawing groups attached to the carbon containing the hydroxyl group will serve to stabilize the alkoxide when formed, thus resulting in greater acidity. On the other hand, the presence of electron-donating group will result in a less stable alkoxide ion formed.
Aniline, phenylamine or amino benzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H7N. It is the simplest and one of the most important aromatic amines, being used as a precursor to more complex chemicals. Its main application is in the manufacture of polyurethane.
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