Acetic Acid

The Isotoluenes in organic chemistry are the non-aromatic toluene isomers with an exocyclic double bond. They are of some academic interest in relation to aromaticity and isomerization mechanisms^[1][2]

An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both aliphatic and cyclic. They contain one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character.^[1] Alicyclic compounds may or may not have aliphatic side chains attached.

The isomerization of p-isotoluene to toluene takes place at 100 °C in benzene with bimolecular reaction kinetics by an intermolecular free radical reaction. Other dimer radical reaction products are formed as well.

Ethyl acetate (systematically, ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH₃COOCH₂CH₃. This colorless liquid has a characteristic, not unpleasant smell (similar to pear drops) like certain glues or nail polish removers, in which it is used.

Acetic Acid Ethyl Ester

Ethyl acetate is a moderately polar solvent that has the advantages of being volatile, relatively non-toxic, and non-hygroscopic. It is a weak hydrogen bond acceptor, and is not a donor due to the lack of an acidic proton (one directly bonded to an electronegative atom such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen).

Ethyl acetate is synthesized via the Fischer esterification reaction from acetic acid and ethanol, typically in the presence of an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid.

CH₃CH₂OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + H₂O

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent.

Primary alcohols (R-CH₂-OH) can be oxidized either to aldehydes (R-CHO) or to carboxylic acids (R-CO₂H), while the oxidation of secondary alcohols (R¹R^²CH-OH) normally terminates at the ketone (R¹R^²C=O) stage. Tertiary alcohols (R¹R^²R^³C-OH) are resistant to oxidation.